Les oiseaux continueront de chanter longtemps en Inde après que la Haute Cour de l’Etat de Delhi a rendu un arrêt consacrant « the fundamental right to fly in the sky » (le droit fondamental de voler).
L’affaire débute au mois d’octobre 2014. La police saisit chez un commerçant des centaines d’oiseaux détenus en cages. Une association, « People for Animal », agit en justice contre ce commerçant et l’accuse d’actes de cruauté envers les animaux.
Photos à l’appui, l’association démontre que l’homme détenait les oiseaux dans de petites cages. Le juge statuant seul, rejette tout d’abord les accusations d’actes cruels envers les oiseaux en relevant que le commerçant n’est pas leur propriétaire.
Cependant, le juge choisit d’étendre aux animaux « le droit de vivre dans la dignité ». Cette décision peut paraître surprenante vu d’Europe. Elle n’est toutefois que dans la lignée d’une législation indienne très protectrice des animaux.
En effet, les animaux bénéficient d’une protection garantie par les dispositions de l’article 51A de la Constitution indienne adoptée en 1949. Celles-ci énoncent « qu’il est un devoir pour tous les citoyens de l’Inde de protéger et entretenir les environnements naturels, forêt, lacs, rivières, habitats sauvages et d’éprouver de la compassion pour tous les êtres vivants« . Outre l’acte qui vise à prévenir les actes cruels sur les animaux pris dès 1960 (Prevention of Cruelty To Animals Act), ce n’est que récemment que la Cour Suprême indienne a renforcé ce régime.
Dans une décision en date du 7 mai 2014 (« A.Nagaraja et Ors. v/ Animal Welfare Board of India« ), les juges indiens avaient choisi d’invalider un acte de 2009 encadrant la pratique d’un sport appelé le « jallikattu » car contraire à la Constitution et aux dispositions du texte de 1960. Au surplus, ils avaient pu retenir que l’acte ayant pour objectif d’encadrer un évènement dans lequel les animaux participent de force et sont l’objet de traitements et actes cruels ne peut rendre légitime une « tradition barbare ».
Vu comme une tradition par les habitants de l’Etat du Tamil Radu, ce sport consistait à passer autour d’un bœuf des rubans de fleurs. Fondé sur les dispositions constitutionnelles précitées, il a été rappelé que celles-ci constituaient la « magna carta » des animaux.
Espérons que cette vision du droit puisse être partagée en Europe. Assurément, le récent arrêt ne fait que confirmer la pensée de Gandhi selon laquelle la grandeur d’une nation, et le développement moral de ses habitants, se mesure par la manière dont elle traite les animaux.
Samy Hamel
Annexe: Arrêt de la Haute Cour de Delhi du 15 mai 2015:
« IN THE HIGH COURT OF DELHI AT NEW DELHI
Order delivered on: 15th May, 2015
+ CRL. M.C. NO.2051/2015
PEOPLE FOR ANIMALS ….. Petitioner
Through Mr.S.D.Windlesh, Adv.
versus
MD MOHAZZIM & ANR ….. Respondents
Through Ms.Jasbir Kaur, APP for the State.
CORAM:
HON’BLE MR.JUSTICE MANMOHAN SINGH
MANMOHAN SINGH, J. (ORAL)
Crl. M.A. Nos.7292/2015 & 7293/2015
Exemption allowed, subject to all just exceptions.
The applications are disposed of.
Crl. M.C. No.2051/2015 & Crl. M.A. No.7294/2015
1. Brief facts of the case are that an intimation was given to SHO PS Lajpat Nagar, New Delhi for violation of various provisions of Prevention of Cruelty (Capture of Animals) Rules, 1979. Police on 13th October, 2004 seized birds and animals and registered FIR against the owner. The same was shifted to recognized body of the Ministry of Environment and Forest, Govt. of India. The owner moved the application for release of the birds on superdari. The same was allowed by releasing the birds on superdari. The complainant, i.e., People for Animal filed the revision petition. The revision petition was dismissed despite of arriving at a finding that the respondent is not the owner of the birds as they are not exotic and the respondent/alleged owner has not committed any cruelty and therefore, the respondent cannot be deprived of his property if he is otherwise entitled for the same.
2. The order at present is only confined to birds. Coloured photographs have been filed on behalf of NGO people for animals which would show that the birds were kept in small cages though it is not sure whether their wings and tails were cut or not. No order was passed to be released them in the open sky. I have been informed by the learned counsel for the petitioner i.e. NGO People for Animals that more than thousands of birds are subjected to pain as the so called owner put them in small cages and sell them in the commercial market for his vested rights, despite of statutory and constitutional right to live with dignity.
3. The Supreme Court has recently recognized the five fundamental rights of the animals including the right to live with dignity and announced twelve stringent measures/directives for the Govt. and other implementing authorities to stop cruelty on animals in the case of A. Nagaraja & Ors. v. Animal Welfare Board of India on 7th May, 2014.
4. It is argued that the so-called owners were given superdari of birds without hearing the petitioner.
5. After hearing both sides, this Court is of the view that running the trade of birds is in violation of the rights of the birds. They deserve sympathy. Nobody is caring as to whether they have been inflicting cruelty or not despite of settled law that birds have a fundamental right to fly and cannot be caged and will have to be set free in the sky. Actually, they are meant for the same. But on the other hand, they are exported illegally in foreign countries without availability of proper food, water, medical aid and other basic amenities required as per law. Birds have fundamental rights including the right to live with dignity and they cannot be subjected to cruelty by anyone including claim made by the respondent. Therefore, I am clear in mind that all the birds have fundamental rights to fly in the sky and all human beings have no right to keep them in small cages for the purposes of their business or otherwise. The petition requires consideration.
6. Issue notice. Learned APP for the State accepts the notice. Hence, issuance of notice to the State is dispensed with. However, notice shall be issued to respondent No.1, returnable on 28th May, 2015.
7. Till the next date of hearing, the operation of the impugned orders dated 20th October, 2014 and 10th March, 2015 shall remain stayed.
8. Dasti.
(MANMOHAN SINGH)
JUDGE »